Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

Form

if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.

Example: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

Form

if + Simple Past, Hauptsatz mit Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Past und Conditional I on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

Were instead of Was

In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.

Example: If I were you, I would not do this.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

I would like to send an invitation to a friend. I have looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now I think it is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.

Example: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he doesn't have much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to buy one in the near future.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Form

if + Past Perfect, Hauptsatz mit Conditional II

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't send her an invitation.

Example: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.

I knew John very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a Ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.

Exceptions

Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can also be used with other tenses.

Conditional Sentences Type I (likely)

Condition refers to:	IF Clause		Main Clause
future action	Simple Present	If the book is interesting, …	Future I	…I will buy it.
			Imperative	…buy it.
			Modal Auxiliary	…you can buy it.
action going on now	Present Progressive	If he is snoring, …	Future I	…I will wake him up.
			Imperative	…wake him up.
			Modal Auxiliary	…you can wake him up.
finished action	Present Perfect	If he has moved into his new flat, …	Future I	…we will visit him.
			Imperative	…visit him.
			Modal Auxiliary	…we can visit him.
improbable action	should + Infinitive	If she should win this race, …	Future I	…I will congratulate her.
			Imperative	…congratulate her.
			Modal Auxiliary	…we can congratulate her.
present facts	Simple Present	If he gets what he wants, …	Simple Present	…he is very nice.

Conditional Sentences Type II (unlikely)

Condition refers to:	IF Clause		Main Clause
present / future event	Simple Past	If I had a lot of money, …	Conditional I	…I would travel around the world.
consequence in the past	Simple Past	If I knew him, …	Conditional II	…I would have said hello.

Conditional Sentences Type II (impossible)

Condition refers to:	IF Clause		Main Clause
present	Past Perfect	If I had known it, …	Conditional I	…I would not be here now.
past	Past Perfect	If he had learned for the test, …	Conditional II	…he would not have failed it.

“Television is in no way a true mirror of society” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Introduction

Undoubtly television plays pivotal role in the socialization of the 20th and 21st centuries. It has become a worldwide phenomenon that participates tо a great extent in the day to day life of human beings. Television has been even referred as to the “The fourth power” in a country ruling apparatus which suggests further critical assumptions. Here comes the question if television is actually an objective projection of human societies. And is it true that television pays rather more attention to “product selling” and persuasion instead of revealing the genuine world community? American television for instance gives viewers a wide range of entertainment choices as news, reality shows, political, social, religion channels, however it is still entitled as a manipulative and speculative manner of informing people. The problem is that sometimes what we hear or see on television is not always accurate or correct. Sometimes news stories give us the wrong information and we believe that it is true because it is being said on television. They may give you a story, but they may leave out some details to prove their point or to make the story more interesting. In this flow of thoughts, this essay will consider how television advertising influences its audience and to what degree the information is factual. It will also evaluate the main differences between real social life and media space in a statistical perspective.

Paragraph 1
The reasons of appearance of the television.

Paragraph 2
What people want to see on television?

Paragraph 3
The differences between the audience in reality and people on the screen, their occupation and economic status.



Conclusion

The contemporary life offers us an existence within the limits of two realities- genuine one and that created by the media.

"Understanding & Changing Your Management Style"

I start reading one very useful manual book for my future studies. Our teacher Robbyn told us that firstly we have to get some main point of view of the reading material and secondly to select the most important and necessary information for us.Following his advice I was reading:title,introduction,principle headlines and also the conclusion. Now of the understanding data I can give some overview of this book.
According to Robert Benfari, our ability to manage effectively is based on a mix of characteristics that can be analyzed, understood and, most importantly, changed. In this book, he identifies six ingredients of successful management and uses the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to show readers how they can devise personality-specific strategies for improving their ability to resolve conflict, solve problems, manage stress, positively influence others, and handle difficult situations at work.

My aims about the essay

• This essay will give an overview of the television, if it's a true mirror of society.

• Also I'll try to outline the main points for and against this statement.

• It'll consider the main goal of the television.

• The essay will argue the main topic that television is in no way a true mirror of society, on the basis of my opinion and of the statistics.

• It'll put forward some examples such as reasons of appearance of Tv,occupation,audience's economic classes,if these are in some level different from the real life.

My lovely Bulgaria

The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.
http://vbox7.com/play:501f7b65

Appropriate tenses

In the following extract from a composition, decide whether the underlined verbs are in the best tense. Tick ( * ) those that are acceptable and correct those that are not.

I don’t like to admit to disliking anyone, but I have to confess that there is one of my classmates who I am particularly disliking (1). We have studied (2) together in the same class for the last few years and I begin (3) to feel that I have been having (4) enough. It’s not that he is an unpleasant person- in fact in other circumstances I am feeling (5) sure that we would get on fine. It is just that when you have sat (6) next to someone for so long in such ab artificial environment as a classroom, you find that the smallest thing can start to get on your nerves. I thought (8) about this only the other day after the person in question- let us call him George, though that is not his real name-had been trying (9) to help me with an exercise in our text book. I was realizing (10) immediately that he really wasn’t knowing (11) what he talked (12) about. This was not a problem but what annoyed (13) me was the fact that he refused (14) to listen to my explanations. The exercise was consisting (15) of reading a text and answering questions on it and I am not thinking (16) that he had been reading (17) the text. I didn’t know what to say. I was going to tell (18) him to stop being so stupid but that would ave been sounding (19) rude. So in the end I just sat (20) and said nothing.

Answers: (1) particularly dislike (2) * (3) I am beginning (4) have had (5) feel (6) * (7) * (8) was thinking (9) * (10) realized (11) didn’t know (12) was talking (13) * (14) * (15) consisted (16) don’t think (17) had read (18) * (19) would have sounded (20 ) *

My Score: 16 out of 20

Test 2 Stative verbs

The following sentences contain stative verbs being used in the Continuous. Tick ( * ) those that are acceptable.

1. He is possessing a really remarkable collection of paintings.
2. Who is this coat belonging to?
3. She was always surprising people with her practical jokes.
4. Is that costume fitting you okay?
5. I think she’s just lacking in confidence at the moment.
6. I think people are realizing now that tax cuts are out of the question.
7. I’m really despising attitudes like that.
8. I don’t think the fourth conditional is existing, is it?
9. I think I’m recognizing the lady in the red hat.
10. What is this word meaning?
11. The course is great! I’m loving every minute!
12. My head is hurting.
13. More and more people are preferring to stay at home for their holidays.
14. I’m having a great time.
15. Was that the door bell or am I hearing things?

Answers: 1. He possesses 2. does this coat belong to 3. * 4. does that costume fit 5. * 6. * (or: realize) 7. I really despise 8. fourth conditional exists, does it? 9. I recognize 10. does this word mean 11. * 12. * (or: hurts) 13. * 14. * 15. *

My Scores: 13 out of 15

Vocabulary

In the following pairs of senences decide if one or both are acceptable. Tick ( * ) those that are and put a cross (x) by those that are not.

1 A I’m not liking ice-cream.
B I don’t like ice-cream.
2 A The verdict depends on whether the jury believed the key witness.
B The verdict is depending on whether the jury believed the key witness.
3 A I can see somebody moving in the trees over there.
B I keep seeing somebody moving in the trees over there.
4 A He is believing that aliens kidnapped his daughter.
B He believes that aliens kidnapped this daughter.
5 A She has a baby boy.
B She‘s having a baby boy.
6 A Are you still feeling sick?
B Do you still feel sick?
7 A I’ve been thinking about you for some time,
B I think about you all the time.
8 A This box is containing all the relevant documents.
B This box contains all the relevant documents.
9 A He’s an idiot.
B He’s being an idiot.
10 A I need a holiday.
B I’m needing a holiday.

Answers: 1A x ; B true 2A true; B x 3A true; B true 4A x; B true 5A true; B true 6A true; B true 7A true; B true 8A x; B true 9A true; B true 10A true; B x

MY Score: 8 out of 10

Friend's birthday party :))

This is a picture from yesterday night. Me and my house mates, we were invited to Birthday party of friend of us. I love this kind of parties, because this is the easiest way to meet different people from different countries. In my opinion if someone wants to improve his or her own English, the practicing is by far the most useful way instead only of reading any books or watching news or whatever. For that I’m so glad at the moment that I have a lot of classmates which are not Bulgarians. I can define what my obstacle is to cannot improve my English- too much speaking with Bulgarians. However I’m sure that with effort and willingness, everything is possible.

I examined my knowledge on english tenses ,now you can check yours :)

1. I …………………( usually go/ am usually going/ have usually gone) to work by car, but I ……………………...(go/ am going/ have gone) on the bus this week while my car ……………….( is/ is being/ has been) mended.
2.A: ………………..(Do you know / Are you knowing/ Can you know) where Brian is?
B: I………………….( don’t see/ am not seeing/ haven’t seen) him since lunch. I ……………. ( think/ am thinking/ can think ) he’s in the kitchen. He ……………..( probably do/ probably does/ is probably doing) the washing up.
3. My daughter is a vegetarian. She…………. (doesn’t eat/ isn’t eating/ hasn’t eaten) meat. It is something difficult in a restaurant when she…………… (finds/ is finding/ will find) that they…………….. ( don’t have/ aren’t having/ won’t have) any vegetarian dishes. That’s why she ………………( usually telephones/ is usually telephoning / will usually telephone) beforehand to find out what’s on the menu.
4 A: How long………( do you live/ are you living/ have you been living) in Liverpool?
B: Only three weeks. We ……………..( stay / are staying/ have been staying) in a hotel until we…………….( are finding/ will find/ have found) a house to buy.
5 A: I …………………..(met/was meeting/ have meeting) George while I…………….(waited/ was waiting/ have waited) for the bus tonight.
B: How is he? I………………….(am not seeing/haven’t seen/ didn’t see) him for months.
A: He ………..(was seeming/seemed/ has seemed) to be very well.
B: I…………….(think/ am thinking) he ………………..( was just getting/just got/ has just got) a new job, ………………….(wasn’t he/ didn’t he/hasn’t he)?
A: Well, he ………………..(is just leaving/has just left/just left) his old job about a month ago, but he ……………….( doesn’t find/ hasn’t found/didn’t find) anything else yet. He ……………( still looks/ is still looking) for something.
6. Everyone in the Hodja’s village…………………(knew/was knowing) that the Hodja was well educated and …………….(went/was going/had been) to the finest schools. They………………(were often going/had often gone/ would often go) to him for advice. One day a poor illiterate farmer…………….(wants/ was wanting/wanted) the Hodja to write a letter for him.


Answers: 1. (usually go)..(am going) …(is being) 2A: (Do you know) B: (haven’t seen)..(think)…(is probably doing) 3 (doesn’t eat)… (finds)…( don’t have)..( usually telephones) 4A: (have you been living B: (are staying).. ( have found) 5A: (met)..(was waiting) B: (haven’t seen) A: (seemed) B: (think)…(has just got)…(-hasn’t he) A: (just left)..(hasn’t found)…(is still looking) 6. (knew)…(had been)..(would often go)…(wanted)…(are you going to)….(asked)…(can’t)..(am not going)…(don’t need)…(just want)…(can read)…(write)…(will have)

My score: (33 out of 37)

The 21st Century manager

I have started reading one very efficient book for my incoming undergraduate course" Business Management".The book is based on that what it has to be the managerial style. It explains variety of approaches how to improve or rearrange your managerial style or just to inform you what exactly that means. This book really attracted my attention, because I have had some knowledge in this sphere and I tried to fixed up these things which I have forgotten.
The main stages are interrelated with Self-awareness,visionary plan, Delighting in change, Ethics and values, Thinking positively and Being real.The keys phases in managerial life-style. How substantial is to know how to manage effectively and efficiently.